Cold War Leaders： Truman vs Stalin

Last updated Unknown Edit Source

• トルーマンとスターリンの比較

• Focus

  • “impact” of leaders on the “course” and “development” of the the cold war"
  • policiesだけでなく、しっかりrole/impactにつなげるの大事

• Introduction

  • Truman, president from 1945 to 1953
    • after Roosevelt, who was more appeasing to Stalin
  • Stalin, leader from 1924-53
  • leaders when the world changed from multipolar to bipolar world. (Weakened Europe after WW2)
  • They were two competing systems, each convinced of their own rectitude and of the expansionist plans of the other.
    • Each saw others as threat
    • from the start, 1918 American intervention in Russia

• Both aimed to create their sphere of influence in Europe

  • NATO, Warsaw Pact
  • Both Stalin and Truman pursued ideological confrontation
    • Truman Doctrine: Policy of proactive containment against Soviet sphere of influence, instead of Isolationism before
    • ‘two camps’ doctrine: World divided to “imperialistic” led by US, and “democratic” led by USSR, artists and intelligentsias had to follow this perspective
  • Divided Europe

• Both intervened in Asia to

  • multipolar to bipolar

• Different Tactics

• General Policies

  • Baruch plan by the US, to keep American monopoly
  • sims
    • Both Stalin and Truman pursued ideological confrontation
      • Truman Doctrine: Policy of proactive containment against Soviet sphere of influence, instead of Isolationism before
      • ‘two camps’ doctrine: World divided to “imperialistic” led by US, and “democratic” led by USSR, artists and intelligentsias had to follow this perspective
    • Both used their military capability to confront the other.
    • Both engaged in an arms race.
    • Both pursued ‘containment’ of the other in Europe and other regions.
  • difs
    • Different apporach of containment
      • Truman relied initially on the ability to threaten the use of nuclear weapons to contain the Soviets
        • TODO: Example
      • Stalin more relied on conventional forces.
        • TODO: Data

• Regional Policies (Asia)

  • Dropped 2 A-bombs to Japan, to alert the Russians the US force
  • sim/difs of those general policies are reflected to the developemnt of the cold war in different regions, ex Asia
  • sims
    • Both intervened in Asia to establish spheres of influence.
    • Korean War:
    • Vietnam:
      • Truman sent military advisors
  • dif
    • Korean War
    • Korean War:
    • Vietnam

• Regional Policies (Europe)

  • NATO: military backup between US and Western Europe
    • Reasons: Safety for US, Increase of influence
    • Revisionist Interpretation: Created from hostility to Stalin
  • Warsaw Pact:
    • Revisionist Interpretation: Created to protect themselves from NATO
  • sims
    • Both focused on Germany as a key strategic territory.
    • Both broke the agreements made at Yalta and Potsdam.
  • difs
    • approach
      • Truman used the economic strength of the USA to gain political influence in Western Europe;
      • Stalin used conventional military strength to gain political control in Eastern Europe.
    • economic
      • Truman responded to Western Europeans, particularly the British, asking for economic assistance (that is, Marshall Aid)
      • Eastern Europeans were forced by Stalin to join COMECON.
      • Truman broke agreements on Germany economically speaking, with the introduction of a new currency into the western sectors, whereas Stalin broke the political agreements.
        • Stalin
          • unfair elections, broke yalta
        • Truman
          • west germany, broke yalta
            • unification of Us, British, French territories, Bizonia
            • new constitution (means new nation)
            • currency

• Claim / Conclusion

  • They have minor differences on their apporaches, but their aim were the same.
  • They both attempted to increase their influence and contain the others, using policital, economic and militaristic power.
  • Thus, they had large role on ending the Grand Alliance and starting the confrontation

• Note

  • TrumanとStalinの被ってる時期をめいんにはなすべき
    • 例えばwarsaw pactはtrumanいなかったから、メインには話さない方が良いかも
    • ただ、show contextするために軽く言及した方が良さそう
  • 範囲外も軽く触れることで、show contextする

• Sources

  • Pearson Textbook p242
    • QUotesもある
  • Cold War and Americas
    • 最初のところ、Truman and the Cold War
    • これ使えばpaper 3 (hl) contentも入るので良い
  • https://eduzaurus.com/free-essay-samples/a-comparative-study-between-the-roles-of-truman-and-stalin-in-the-development-of-the-cold-war/
  • https://matteoaprilehistory.weebly.com/truman-and-stalin%20https://eduzaurus.com/free-essay-samples/a-comparative-study-between-the-roles-of-truman-and-stalin-in-the-development-of-the-cold-war/-essay.html

• https://docs.google.com/document/d/19cLwhmKd9wtAH180EgvoqnPJBoxpqvEJfuWgdiGhQuI/edit

  • 授業で作った表

? Compare and contrast the roles of two Cold war leaders from different regions in the development of the Cold War. ? Analyse the roles of two Cold war leaders from different regions in the development of the Cold War.

• analyseとかdiscussの可能性もある