認知負荷
- kokoronotanken.jp/john-sweller-ninchi-huka-ririon/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_load
ワーキングメモリーを占める量 (有限)
種類
- Intrinsic: その問題の本質的な負荷、インストラクターは変更不可能
- Extraneous: 外部の負荷、環境とか、変更可能、少ない方が良い
- Germane: 学習に効果的な方法で、情報を処理する時の負荷、多い方が良い
<論文ログ> Towards Utopia: Designing Tangibles for Learning
- Mayer’s Spatial Continuity Principle
- 近い関係のトピックは、近くに置かれるべき
- Mayer’s Spatial Continuity Principle
12 Principles of Multimedia Learning
- Coherence Principle – People learn better when extraneous words, pictures and sounds are excluded rather than included.
- Signaling Principle – People learn better when cues that highlight the organization of the essential material are added.
- Redundancy Principle – People learn better from graphics and narration than from graphics, narration and on-screen text.
- Spatial Contiguity Principle – People learn better when corresponding words and pictures are presented near rather than far from each other on the page or screen.
- Temporal Contiguity Principle – People learn better when corresponding words and pictures are presented simultaneously rather than successively.
- Segmenting Principle – People learn better from a multimedia lesson is presented in user-paced segments rather than as a continuous unit.
- Pre-training Principle – People learn better from a multimedia lesson when they know the names and characteristics of the main concepts.
- Modality Principle – People learn better from graphics and narrations than from animation and on-screen text.
- Multimedia Principle – People learn better from words and pictures than from words alone.
- Personalization Principle – People learn better from multimedia lessons when words are in conversational style rather than formal style.
- Voice Principle – People learn better when the narration in multimedia lessons is spoken in a friendly human voice rather than a machine voice.
- Image Principle – People do not necessarily learn better from a multimedia lesson when the speaker’s image is added to the screen.
https://cognitiontoday.com/2017/10/how-to-study-5-scientific-study-techniques/
- Spacing over time
- Interleaving, 交互にやる
- Chunking